C

=WELDING GLOSSARY=


 * CADMIUM - ** Cadmium is used frequently as a rust-preventive coating on steel and also as an alloying element. Acute exposures to high concentrations or cadmium fumes can produce severe lung irritation, pulmonary edema, and in some cases, death. Long-term exposure to low levels of cadmium in air can result in emphysema (a disease affecting the ability of the lung to absorb oxygen) and can damage the kidneys. Cadmium is classified by OSHA, NIOSH, and EPA as a potential human carcinogen.


 * Carbon Arc Cutting (CAC) ** - An arc cutting process in which metals are severed by melting them with the heat of an arc between a carbon electrode and the base metal.


 * Carbon Arc Welding (CAW) ** - An arc welding process which produces coalescence of metals by heating them with an arc between a carbon electrode and the work. No shielding is used. Pressure and filler metal may or may not be used.

Signs of intoxication have been produced by a 30-minute exposure at 50,000 ppm [Aero 1953], and a few minutes exposure at 70,000 to 100,000 ppm produces unconsciousness [Flury and Zernik 1931]. It has been reported that submarine personnel exposed continuously at 30,000 ppm were only slightly affected, provided the oxygen content of the air was maintained at normal concentrations [Schaefer 1951]. It has been reported that 100,000 ppm is the atmospheric concentration immediately dangerous to life [AIHA 1971] and that exposure to 100,000 ppm for only a few minutes can cause loss of consciousness [Hunter 1975].
 * Carbon Dioxide** - ( chemical formula CO2) is a naturally occurring chemical compound composed of two oxygen atoms covalently bonded to a single carbon atom. It is a gas at standard temperature and pressure and exists in Earth's atmosphere in this state, as a trace gas at a concentration of 0.039 per cent by volume.
 * CARBON MONOXIDE - ** Carbon monoxide is a gas usually formed by the incomplete combustion of various fuels. Welding and cutting may produce significant amounts of carbon monoxide. In addition, welding operations that use carbon dioxide as the inert gas shield may produce hazardous concentrations of carbon monoxide in poorly ventilated areas. This is caused by a "breakdown" of shielding gas. Carbon monoxide is odorless, colorless and tasteless and cannot be readily detected by the senses. Common symptoms of overexposure include pounding of the heart, a dull headache, flashes before the eyes, dizziness, ringing in the ears, and nausea.


 * Careers in Welding **


 * Cascade sequence ** - A combined longitudinal and buildup sequence during which weld beads are deposited in overlapping layers. See also backstep sequence, block sequence, longitudinal sequence.

**Cataracts** - A cataract is a cloudiness or opacity in the normally transparent crystalline lens of the eye. This cloudiness can cause a decrease in vision and may lead to eventual blindness.
 * Chain intermittent fillet welding ** - Two lines of intermittent fillet welds on a joint in which the fillet weld increments on one side are approximately opposite to those on the other side of the joint.

Check Valves


 * CHLORINATED HYDROCARBON SOLVENTS - ** Various chlorinated hydrocarbons are used in degreasing or other cleaning operations. The vapors of these solvents are a concern in welding and cutting because the heat and ultraviolet radiation from the arc will decompose the vapors and form highly toxic and irritating phosgene gas. (See Phosgene.)

**Chromium** - Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) compounds are a large group of chemicals with varying chemical properties, uses, and workplace exposures. Their properties include corrosion-resistance, durability, and hardness. Workers may be exposed to airborne Cr(VI) when these compounds are manufactured from other forms of chromium (e.g., the production of chromates from chromite ore); when products containing Cr(VI) are used to manufacture other products (e.g., chromate-containing paints, electroplating); or when products containing other forms of chromium are used in processes that result in the formation of Cr(VI) as a by-product (e.g., welding). NIOSH considers all Cr(VI) compounds to be occupational carcinogens. Cr(VI) is a well-established carcinogen associated with lung, nasal, and sinus cancer. Some of the industries in which the largest numbers of workers are exposed to high concentrations of airborne Cr(VI) compounds include electroplating, welding, and chromate painting. A hierarchy of controls, including elimination, substitution, engineering controls, administrative controls, and the use of personal protective equipment, should be followed to control workplace exposures. Dermal exposure to Cr(VI) should also be prevented to reduce the risk of skin irritation, corrosion, ulcers, sensitization, and allergic contact dermatitis.
 * Clad Metal ** - A composite metal containing two or three layers that have been welded together. Roll welding, arc welding, casting, heavy chemical deposition or heavy electroplating may have accomplished the welding. See cladding, surfacing.


 * Cladding ** - A relatively thick layer (> 1 mm (0.04 in.)) of material applied by surfacing of the purpose of improved corrosion resistance or other properties (see coating, surfacing, and hardfacing).


 * Coalescence ** - The growing together or growth into one body of the materials being welded.


 * Coated Electrode ** - See preferred terms covered electrode and lightly coated electrode. See electrode.


 * Coating ** - A relatively thin layer (> 1 mm (0.04 in.)) of material applied by surfacing for the purpose of corrosion prevention, resistance to high temperature scaling, wear resistance, lubrication, or other purposes. See cladding, surfacing, and hardfacing.

Cobalt-containing products include corrosion and heat-resistant alloys, hard metal (cobalt-tungsten-carbide alloy), magnets, grinding and cutting tools, pigments, paints, colored glass, surgical implants, catalysts, batteries, and cobalt-coated metal (from electroplating). Radioactive isotopes of cobalt provide the following diagnostic and treatment tools: medical radioisotopes, industrial radiography (analysis of weld integrity), food irradiation, and concrete density measurements. Millions of workers have been potentially exposed to cobalt and its compounds, with the greatest exposure in mining processes, cemented tungsten-carbide industry, cobalt powder industry, and alloy production industry. In addition, workers are exposed to cobalt in the production, processing, and use of hard metal; and the grinding and sharpening of steel tools with hard metal abrasives. Chronic exposure to cobalt-containing hard metal (dust or fume) can result in a serious lung disease called "hard metal lung disease", which is a type of pneumoconiosis (lung fibrosis). Furthermore, inhalation of cobalt particles can cause respiratory sensitization, asthma, shortness of breath, and decreased pulmonary function. Even though the primary route of occupational exposure to cobalt is the respiratory tract, skin contact is also important because dermal exposures to hard metal and cobalt salts can result in significant systemic uptake. Sustained exposures can cause skin sensitization, which may result in eruptions of contact dermatitis.
 * Cobalt** -
 * Coil With Support ** -A filler metal package type consisting of a continuous length of electrode in coil form wound on an internal support, which is a simple cylindrical section without flanges.


 * Coil Without Support ** - A filler metal package type consisting of a continuous length of electrode in coil form without an internal support. It is appropriately bound to maintain its shape.


 * Combustable Metals**


 * Complete Fusion ** - Fusion, which has occurred over the entire base material surfaces intended for welding, and between all layers and passes.


 * Complete Joint Penetration ** - Joint penetration in, which the weld metal completely fills the groove, and is fused to the base metal throughout its total thickness.


 * Composite Joint ** - A joint produced by welding


 * Constant Current (CC) Welding Machine ** - These welding machines have limited maximum short circuit current. They have a negative volt-amp curve and are often referred to as "droopers".

**Constant-Speed Wire Feeder** - Feeder operates from 24 or 115 VAC supplied by the welding power source.

**Constant Voltage (CV), Constant Potential (CP) Welding Machine** - This type of welding machine output maintains a relatively stable, consistent voltage regardless of the amperage output. It results in a relatively flat volt-amp curve.


 * Consumable & Non-Consumable Electrodes ** - Consumable electrodes provide a path for the current. They also supply filler metal to the joint. Non-consumable electrodes are only used as a conductor for the electrical current, such as in gas tungsten arc welding.


 * Current ** - Another name for amperage. Amperage is defined as, the amount of electricity flowing past a given point in a conductor per second.

**Concave Fillet Weld** - A fillet weld having a concave face.


 * Concave Root Surface ** - A root surface, which is concave.


 * Concavity ** - The maximum distance from the face of a concave fillet weld perpendicular to a line joining the toes.


 * Concurrent Heating ** - The application of supplemental heat to a structure during a welding or cutting operation.


 * Consumable Guide Electro Slag Welding - ** A method of Electroslag Welding in which filler an electrode and its guiding member supply metal. See Electroslag Welding (ESW).


 * Consumable Insert ** - Preplaced filler metal which is completely fused into the root of the joint and becomes part of the weld.


 * Contact Tube ** - A device, which transfers current to a continuous electrode (Used in MIG Welding)

Containers - welding on


 * Continuous Sequence ** - A longitudinal sequence in, which each pass is made continuously from one end of the joint to the other. See backstep sequence, longitudinal sequence. etc.


 * Continuous Weld ** - A weld extends continuously from one end of a joint to the other. Where the joint is essentially circular, it extends completely around the joint.


 * Convex Fillet Weld ** - A fillet weld having a convex face.


 * Convex Root Surface ** - A root surface, which is convex.


 * Convexity ** - The maximum distance from the face of a convex fillet weld perpendicular to a line joining the toes.

Copper


 * Copper Fumes** - Copper is reactive with oxidizers, alkalis, sodium azide, acetylene. Copper fume exposure routes include inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact. Symptoms may include, eye, upper respiratory tract irritation; dermatitis; rare interstitial lung disease/ pulmonary fibrosis; ingestion- nausea, vomiting, diarrhea; ingestion of large dose- liver damage, acute renal failure, death.


 * Corner-Flange Weld ** - A flange weld with only one member flanged at the location of welding.


 * Corner Joint ** - A joint between two members located approximately at right angles to each other.


 * Cover Lens ** - (eye protection). A round cover plate (generally made from plastic)


 * Cover Plate ** (eye protection). A removable pane or colorless glass, plastic-coated glass, or plastic that covers the filter plate and protects it from weld spatter, pitting, or scratching when used in a helmet, hood or goggle.


 * Crack ** - A fracture-type discontinuity characterized by a sharp tip and high ratio to length and width to opening displacement.


 * Crater ** - In arc welding, a depression at the termination of a weld bead or in the molten weld pool.


 * Crater Crack ** - A crack in the crater of a weld bead.


 * Cylinder ** - A portable container used for transportation and storage of a compressed gas. (2) **Cylinder** - A container to store and transport compressed gas.


 * Cylinder Handling**


 * Cutting Tip ** - The part of an oxygen torch that directs the flow of the gas.

Cut off Saw - The Metal Chop Saw is used for cutting metal in similar fashion to the wood shop Mitre Saw The Metal Chop Saw can cut pipe or flat stock perpendicular to the saw base and is only used to make straight or angled cuts. A masonry cutoff wheel can be used cut masonry on this saw


 * Cutting Torch ** - The device used in oxygen cutting to control and direct the flow of the gasses used for cutting and heating metal.

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